Exams and courses for 14+
Both the type of qualifications and the subjects you opt to study at 14+ can have far reaching consequences on A levels and university. So you need to ensure your options will enable you to take the courses you want at these later stages of education, if you want to avoid a nightmare later.
GCSEs
The principal exam taken in year 11 in England. Most take a basic core that includes English, maths, sciences and a humanity (eg geography or history) plus optional extras. Generally felt to be uninspiring and formulaic, they have undergone a reorganisation which, we are told, has ‘added rigour’. This includes a grading system in numbers rather than letters, most assessment by external final exams with nearly all coursework and practical work abolished and few resit opportunities.
IGCSE
Has been around for years, and is much used abroad – hence the ‘I’ for International. It’s closer to the old-style O level, and is becoming increasingly used by private schools, but the jury is out on whether it is more or less challenging than GCSEs.
It wasn't until 2010 that QCA recognised this qualification, thus enabling state schools to add it to their diet, but it is now, again, not recognised for league table purposes – so many top-performing schools have slid back to the bottom of the tables.
IB Middle Years
The IB organisation provides a structure for the years running up to the sixth form diploma, which can embrace whatever national curriculum it finds itself surrounding. Crucially, there are no exams – only moderated teacher assessment.
Be warned that although it is well-understood internationally, it is only available in a few international schools in the UK. And because it does not provide formal qualifications at the age of 16, you need to be sure that it will be accepted by whatever educational institution or employer your child will face next.
National 4 and 5 qualifications - the Scottish equivalent to GCSEs
Introduced in 2013 in Scotland to replace Standard Grade and Intermediate qualifications. In mirror image of the English exam changes, these aim to develop skills alongside knowledge and include more emphasis on coursework and ongoing assessment.
Vocational qualifications
The last decade has seen a burgeoning of vocational qualifications – some of dubious value with greatly over-inflated points in performance tables. Hardly surprising, then, that schools with a canny eye on league tables in some cases directed youngsters towards vocational qualifications to boost their own league table positions rather than because they were the best qualifications for the student. Now vocational qualifications are in theory only recognised if they meet strict criteria, including proven progression to a broad range of qualifications post-16 options. Moreover, they must be at least 'the size of a GCSE' and graded (not simple pass/fail), with a substantial proportion externally assessed. However, they can limit future options.
It is crucial that you quiz each school on:
(a) what proportion of pupils finish the course
(b) what proportion just pass, and what proportion do really well
(c) what pupils have gone on to do afterwards
(d) how well they prepare students for further study
(e) whether the qualifications count in the league tables.
A good school running a good course will keep in touch with as many of its graduates as possible. If you want to keep your options open, look carefully in this data for evidence that pupils who have set out on a vocational route have been able to come back to more academic study later on.
More details at: www.education.gov.uk
Exotics
Faced with the widespread dissatisfaction with GCSEs, individual entrepreneurial schools have begun to go their own way.
You may come across Vedic mathematics (in the St James's group of schools).
Bedales’ BACs are GCSE alternatives which aim to offer more room for imagination and exploration for non-core subjects, and are an innovation that we are totally delighted by.
St Paul’s Girls’ School offers its own Visual Arts Course alternative to GCSE art and its own internally devised music GCSE course.
Asdan and other awards
These awards are primarily aimed at young-people in the 11-25 age group who may have learning or other difficulties. Assessment-based Asdan, and others, provide flexible ways to accredit young people for skills and personal qualities they have developed.
