Faith schools in the UK
What is a faith school?
Faith schools are primary and secondary schools with an affiliation to a particular religion or faith-based organisation. They are still state-funded like academies and community schools but have a degree of autonomy over what they teach. Faith schools have a reputation for strong communities, traditional principles, and positive academic results which makes them an attractive prospect for many families on the hunt for a good state school. They are subject to the same standards and inspections as any other state school. Collective worship is usually a daily feature and many schools prioritise the admission of pupils whose parents are regular participants in the school’s religion.
‘Faith school’ is an umbrella term which takes in all schools with what the government calls a ‘designated religious character’ or ‘religious ethos’. In Scotland ‘denominational school’ is more commonly used.
These schools include voluntary aided, voluntary controlled and foundation schools as well as faith academies. This array of terms is not hugely important as far as most parents are concerned and although faith academies set their own curriculum, the differences tend to have more to do with ownership of buildings, organisational structures and funding arrangements than what happens in the classroom.
How many faith schools are there?
There are nearly 8,000 mainstream faith schools in the UK — that’s about a third of all state schools. They’re a feature of the education systems in England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland.
England has the greatest number and variety: 37 per cent of primaries and 19 per cent of secondaries are faith schools. More than two-thirds of the faith schools are Anglican with most of the rest Roman Catholic. There are also 52 Jewish, 35 Muslim, 13 Sikh, and seven Hindu faith schools.
Do you have to be religious to go to faith school?
You do not have to be religious although it depends on how you define 'religious' and which schools you’re interested in. All Catholic schools and some Anglican schools put a faith condition in their oversubscription criteria. This is the part of their admissions policy that, in the event of receiving more applications than they have places, allows the school to handpick pupils according to whether their parents regularly attend church. Documentation, such as baptismal certificates and letters from faith leaders, can also be a factor in getting a place at such schools.
Some faith schools admit up to 100 per cent of their pupils according to faith but many do not. The Church of England has stated that it aims for its schools to admit no more than 50 per cent of pupils this way although the final decision usually comes down to the school itself. Faith schools are often a popular choice so it is accepted that the oversubscription criteria will come into play.
Admissions policies
If you’re keen on a faith school for your child, make sure you study its admissions policy. You can also find out how far down the oversubscriptions criteria the school has gone in previous years’ admissions rounds by asking the school or local authority. The Good Schools Guide’s explanations of primary school admissions and secondary school admissions are helpful for any parent embarking on the process.
What is taught in faith schools?
In England, the National Curriculum is obligatory in voluntary aided, voluntary controlled, and foundation schools (these account for more than half of all faith schools) although these schools are free to determine how to teach the subject of religious studies.
Faith academies (which include faith-free schools) are allowed to devise their own curriculum. This can result in a departure from the national curriculum although it is unusual for schools to stray particularly far. It does mean they can introduce aspects of religion elsewhere in the timetable and do not have to teach about other faiths in religious studies lessons. Despite this autonomy, the government states that certain matters informed by religious doctrine, such as creationism, are not allowed to be presented as fact in lessons.
What are the advantages of faith schools?
Faith schools are popular with many families because they provide a curriculum and ethos that is in tune with home life. Community events and feast days get a bigger billing than they might in a normal LA-run school or academy. Schools may also be closely linked to a particular place of worship which helps foster a sense of community. This is particularly appealing to minority groups who want their children to grow up with a sense of cultural and religious identity.
Better results at faith schools?
Faith schools are also attractive because they are perceived as being more academic. The data supports this. At Key Stage 2 in 2023, the percentage of children in England reaching the expected level of reading, writing and maths at faith schools was 61.5 per cent. In non-faith schools it was 59.7 per cent. In secondary schools, using the GCSE Attainment 8 measure, faith schools scored 49.0 per cent and non-faiths scored 46.2 per cent. The value-added Progress 8 measure shows faith schools scored 0.13; non-faiths scored -0.06 (below the average score for England of -0.03). Of course, this doesn’t exactly mean that religion in school equals brighter children. Socio-economic forces are at work here, read on...
Are faith schools controversial?
Some people consider faith schools to be a bad thing. Both Humanists UK and the National Secular Society have campaigned for an end to them and point to, among other things, the preference given to churchgoers over other families as being socially selective and divisive. They say such admissions practices result in children being unable to attend their local state school and breed resentment.
In a 2016 report, the Education Policy Institute stated that ‘faith schools have, on average, fewer pupils that are eligible for free school meals than the areas in which they are situated’. The bigger picture reveals a similar disparity — in 2023, 25.5 per cent of children at non-faith schools were eligible for free school meals whereas the figure at faith schools is 20.2% per cent. As such, the criticism levelled at faith schools is similar to that aimed at grammar and private schools: that the teaching is little better than the alternatives but rather the pupils are more likely to come from middle-class homes with parents who know how to play the system and are committed to their children’s education and supporting their school.
